{"product_id":"1782-real-ordenanza-de-intendentes-from-the-library-of-a-manila-convent-bound-with-three-manila-manuscripts-by-gonzalez-de-carvajal-intendente-de-guerra-y-real-hacienda-de-filipinas","title":"1782 \"Real Ordenanza de Intendentes\" from the library of a Manila convent. Bound with three Manila manuscripts by González de Carvajal –Intendente de Guerra y Real Hacienda de Filipinas","description":"\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e1782 \"Real \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOrdenanza\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e de Intendentes\" from the library of a Manila convent. Bound with three Manila manuscripts by González de Carvajal –Intendente de Guerra y Real Hacienda de Filipinas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eMadrid: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eImprenta\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e Real, 1782.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eFolio (29.6 × 20.5 cm). [62], 326, [140], [24] pp. Contemporary limp vellum with manuscript spine-title. Scattered worming and old repairs.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eThe 1782 Real \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOrdenanza\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e de Intendentes initiated the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eintendencia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e system of reform in the Spanish colonies, reorganising administration and finance across the Americas and Pacific.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eThis copy comes from the Convent of San Nicolás de \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eTolenito\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eManila, and\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e is bound with three original Manila manuscripts (1785–1787) relating to the enforcement of these ordinances in the Philippines. Two are signed “Gonzalez” and one by Ciriaco González de Carvajal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eCiriaco González de Carvajal (1745 – c1828) (see attached portrait) was a prominent Spanish jurist and colonial reformer. Born in Seville, he studied law at Granada and was appointed \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOidor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e of the Real Audiencia de Manila in 1777. He later became Intendente de Guerra y Real Hacienda (1786), implementing these Real \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOrdenanza\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e de Intendentes locally. Carvajal directed the Sociedad \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eEconómica\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e de Amigos del País of Manila (founded 1781) and helped translate Bourbon fiscal and bureaucratic reforms into the Pacific context. His surviving Manila-signed manuscripts demonstrate the early extension of the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eintendencia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e model to the Philippines.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eThe 1782 Real \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOrdenanza\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e de Intendentes introduced sweeping Bourbon reforms across the Spanish Empire. They replaced outdated and fragmented colonial administration with a centralised system of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eintendencias\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e under direct royal authority. Designed to centralise power, curb corruption, and improve tax efficiency, it unified monetary, judicial, and military functions.\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003eIn Manila, officials such as Ciriaco González de Carvajal implemented these reforms, aligning the Philippines with the broader imperial programme of revision.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"language: en-GB; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; language: en-GB; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eA fine Manila-provenance copy linking the imperial reforms of Charles III to their local Philippine application, through Carvajal — one of the key figures in late 18th-century colonial administration. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"De Bry Rare Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56618137158010,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0624\/2969\/2075\/files\/IMG_7694.heic?v=1771921579","url":"https:\/\/debryrarebooks.com\/products\/1782-real-ordenanza-de-intendentes-from-the-library-of-a-manila-convent-bound-with-three-manila-manuscripts-by-gonzalez-de-carvajal-intendente-de-guerra-y-real-hacienda-de-filipinas","provider":"De Bry Rare Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}